Intelligent Vehicle R&D
Digital Car Key Authorization with Time and Location Constraints: R&D Project Proposal
A project proposal template for a digital car key authorization platform using time constraints, geofencing, dynamic risk assessment and secure key management.
Project Overview
| Project name | Digital car key authorization method and system with time and location constraints |
|---|---|
| Department | R&D Center / Intelligent Automotive Business Unit |
| Project cycle | 2026-X to 2027-X |
| Project level | Strategic / key / general project, subject to internal review |
| Target output | Authorization rule engine, geofence decision module, dynamic authorization module and security control module |
Industry Background
Vehicle access control is moving from mechanical keys to digital key systems based on mobile devices and connected vehicle platforms. Mainstream solutions commonly use NFC, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) for authentication.
- Existing authorization is often too coarse-grained.
- Permission management can be static and simple.
- Dynamic risk control is often missing.
- Shared mobility, fleet, rental and temporary driver scenarios require more flexible rules.
Target Scenarios
| Family shared vehicle | Parents authorize children to use a vehicle only within a specified time period and region. |
|---|---|
| Enterprise fleet | Employees can use vehicles only during approved working hours or routes. |
| Vehicle rental | The renter receives vehicle access only within the rental term. |
| Designated driver service | One-time temporary digital key authorization expires automatically after use. |
Technical Objectives
- Time constraints: fixed time, recurring time and dynamic time windows.
- Spatial constraints: circular geofence, polygon geofence and multi-layer geofence.
- Dynamic authorization: real-time permission adjustment, risk scoring and temporary authorization.
- Data security: end-to-end encryption, dynamic key mechanism and anti-replay protection.
R&D Work Packages
| Topic 1 | Time-space authorization model: time constraints, spatial constraints and combined authorization rules; output authorization rule engine. |
|---|---|
| Topic 2 | Geofence control algorithm: GPS positioning, BLE-assisted positioning and UWB precise positioning; output geofence decision module. |
| Topic 3 | Dynamic authorization decision engine: user identity management, permission calculation and risk scoring; output dynamic authorization module. |
| Topic 4 | Digital key security mechanism: key management, identity authentication and data encryption; output security control module. |
Technical Route
User AppDigital Key Management PlatformTime Constraint Engine / Location Constraint Engine / Risk Assessment Engine / Authorization Decision EngineVehicle T-BOXDoor Controller
Innovation Points
- Time-location joint authorization: validates both time and location conditions before access is granted.
- Dynamic permission adjustment: adjusts permission according to user status, vehicle status and risk level.
- Multi-level geofence control: unlock, start and re-authorization permissions can use different geofence policies.
- One-time digital key mechanism: temporary authorization automatically expires after completion.
IP Planning
| Invention patent 1 | Digital car key authorization method with time and location constraints. |
|---|---|
| Invention patent 2 | Digital key control method based on multi-level geofence. |
| Invention patent 3 | Dynamic risk-assessment digital key authorization system. |
| Software copyright | Digital Key Authorization Management Platform V1.0. |
Advanced Patent Mining Directions
| 1. Dynamic time-space authorization engine | Move beyond static rules such as 08:00-18:00 and a fixed city boundary. Authorization conditions should change according to user identity, vehicle state, traffic state and risk level. Example rules include full access on normal workdays, no start after 23:00, secondary authentication in remote areas and no re-authorization when battery level is below 15%. Patent focus: digital key authorization decision method based on dynamic risk factors. |
|---|---|
| 2. Multi-layer geofence authorization | Upgrade from a single geofence to layered zones and permission matrices. Level 1 may allow unlock and start, level 2 may allow unlock but deny start, and level 3 may only allow vehicle viewing. Patent focus: vehicle access control method based on multi-layer geofence. |
| 3. Route-constrained digital key | Most systems restrict location, but fewer restrict a route. The system can authorize a route from a company location to a customer site; if the vehicle deviates, it can downgrade permission and send an alert. Patent focus: digital key authorization control method based on a preset driving trajectory. |
| 4. One-time digital key | A one-time key can be valid for a single use, expire after reaching a specified location, or expire after one vehicle start. It is suitable for valet parking, car washing, maintenance and logistics handover. Patent focus: time-space limited digital key generation method with a single-start feature. |
| 5. AI risk-scoring authorization | Build user profiles, driving habits and historical location features, then calculate a real-time risk score. Low risk can be automatically authorized, medium risk can require phone confirmation, and high risk can block vehicle start. Patent focus: vehicle digital key dynamic authorization method based on a risk scoring model. |
| 6. Multi-user shared authorization chain | Support family and enterprise sharing with hierarchical delegation. For example, owner A authorizes spouse B and child C; B may re-authorize once, while C may not re-authorize. Patent focus: digital key management method supporting hierarchical re-authorization. |
| 7. Vehicle-state-linked authorization | Combine key permission with vehicle conditions such as abnormal battery temperature, maintenance mode, fault codes or low energy. The system can block start, limit speed or allow only maintenance personnel to start. Patent focus: digital key dynamic authorization method based on vehicle operating state. |
| 8. UWB precise distance authorization | UWB can support not only proximity judgment, but also position angle, movement direction and approach speed. For example, unlocking can be allowed only when the user approaches from the driver's side. Patent focus: vehicle key authorization method based on UWB spatial position features. |
Recommended Patent Portfolio
| Core patent | Digital car key authorization method with time and location constraints. |
|---|---|
| Dependent patent 1 | Authorization method based on dynamic risk scoring. |
| Dependent patent 2 | Authorization method based on route constraints. |
| Dependent patent 3 | Authorization method based on vehicle state. |
| Dependent patent 4 | Authorization method based on UWB spatial positioning. |
| Dependent patent 5 | Shared digital key method based on hierarchical re-authorization. |
| Dependent patent 6 | Authorization method based on one-time digital key generation. |
| Layout value | This structure forms a digital key permission management platform patent family, rather than a single functional patent, and can better cover shared mobility, enterprise fleets, rental vehicles and new energy vehicles. |
Project Schedule and Risk Control
| Month 1 | Requirement analysis and technical research. |
|---|---|
| Month 2 | Architecture design and project solution design. |
| Months 3-6 | Core algorithm and platform development. |
| Months 7-8 | System integration and joint testing. |
| Month 9 | Scenario verification and optimization. |
| Month 10 | Patent application and IP layout. |
| Key risks | Positioning error, network exception, security attack and patent conflict; mitigation includes UWB fusion positioning, local cache, dynamic key mechanism and early FTO search. |
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智能汽车研发立项
具有时空约束条件的数字车钥匙授权方法研发立项书
适用于企业研发立项、专利项目立项、高新技术企业研发项目管理和政府研发补助申报的数字车钥匙研发立项模板。
项目基本信息
| 项目名称 | 一种具有时空约束条件的数字车钥匙授权方法及系统研发 |
|---|---|
| 项目编号 | 内部填写 |
| 立项部门 | 研发中心 / 智能汽车事业部 |
| 项目负责人 | 内部填写 |
| 项目周期 | 2026年X月-2027年X月 |
| 项目等级 | 战略项目 / 重点项目 / 一般项目，按企业内部评审确定 |
项目背景
随着汽车数字钥匙技术发展，车辆访问控制正逐步由传统机械钥匙向智能终端迁移。现有数字钥匙方案主要采用 NFC、BLE 和 UWB 等通信技术实现车辆身份认证。
- 授权粒度较粗，难以按时间、位置和风险动态控制。
- 权限管理相对简单，难以覆盖共享出行、租赁、企业车队等场景。
- 缺乏动态风险评估能力，无法根据用户状态和车辆状态实时调整权限。
- 安全防护仍需覆盖端到端加密、动态密钥和防重放攻击。
市场需求与应用场景
| 家庭共享车辆 | 父母授权子女在指定时间段、指定区域内使用车辆。 |
|---|---|
| 企业车队 | 员工仅允许在工作时间、授权区域或指定任务范围内使用车辆。 |
| 汽车租赁 | 租车用户仅在租赁期限内获得车辆使用权限。 |
| 代驾服务 | 支持一次性临时授权，服务完成后自动失效。 |
项目目标
总体目标是研发一种具备时空约束能力的数字车钥匙授权平台，实现车辆访问权限的动态控制。
- 时间约束：支持固定时间、周期时间和动态时间窗口。
- 空间约束：支持圆形电子围栏、多边形电子围栏和多层地理围栏。
- 动态授权：支持实时权限调整、风险等级评估和临时授权。
- 数据安全：实现端到端加密、动态密钥机制和防重放攻击。
研发内容
| 课题一 | 数字钥匙时空授权模型研究：时间约束模型、空间约束模型和组合授权规则；输出授权规则引擎。 |
|---|---|
| 课题二 | 电子围栏控制算法研究：GPS定位、BLE辅助定位和UWB精确定位；输出地理围栏判定模块。 |
| 课题三 | 动态授权决策引擎：用户身份管理、权限计算模型和风险评分机制；输出动态授权模块。 |
| 课题四 | 数字钥匙安全机制：密钥管理、身份认证和数据加密；输出安全控制模块。 |
技术路线
用户APP数字钥匙管理平台时间约束引擎 / 空间约束引擎 / 风险评估引擎 / 授权决策引擎车辆T-BOX车门控制器
创新点
- 时空联合授权机制：实现时间 + 位置联合验证。
- 动态权限调整机制：根据用户状态、车辆状态和风险等级实时调整权限。
- 多级电子围栏控制：支持启动权限、解锁权限和转授权权限差异化控制。
- 一次性数字钥匙机制：授权完成后自动失效，适合代驾、租赁和临时共享场景。
知识产权规划
| 发明专利1 | 一种具有时空约束条件的数字车钥匙授权方法。 |
|---|---|
| 发明专利2 | 一种基于多级电子围栏的数字钥匙控制方法。 |
| 发明专利3 | 一种动态风险评估数字钥匙授权系统。 |
| 软件著作权 | 数字钥匙授权管理平台V1.0。 |
| 专利挖掘方向 | 轨迹约束、车辆状态、风险评分、UWB精准定位和层级转授权。 |
高价值专利挖掘方向
| 1. 动态时空授权引擎 | 从静态规则升级为动态时空授权模型。授权条件可根据用户身份、车辆状态、交通状态和风险等级实时变化。例如正常工作日开放全权限，深夜23:00后禁止启动，偏远区域要求二次认证，电量低于15%时禁止转授权。专利点：基于动态风险因子的数字钥匙授权决策方法。 |
|---|---|
| 2. 多层地理围栏授权 | 从单一电子围栏升级为分级地理围栏和权限矩阵。一级区域允许解锁和启动，二级区域允许解锁但不允许启动，三级区域仅允许查看车辆信息。专利点：基于多层电子围栏的车辆访问控制方法。 |
| 3. 轨迹约束数字钥匙 | 不仅限制地点，还限制授权路线。例如从公司到客户现场允许启动；如果车辆偏离授权路线，系统自动降级权限并发出警报。专利点：基于预设行驶轨迹的数字钥匙授权控制方法。 |
| 4. 一次性数字钥匙 | 数字钥匙具备单次使用、到达指定地点自动失效或启动一次后失效的特征，适合代客泊车、洗车、保养和物流交车。专利点：具有单次启动特征的时空受限数字钥匙生成方法。 |
| 5. AI风险评分授权 | 系统建立用户画像、驾驶习惯和历史位置特征，实时计算Risk Score。低风险自动授权，中风险要求手机确认，高风险禁止启动。专利点：基于风险评分模型的车辆数字钥匙动态授权方法。 |
| 6. 多人共享授权链 | 解决家庭用车和企业授权问题。车主A可授权配偶B和子女C，B可以再授权一次，C不可转授权，形成可追溯的授权链。专利点：支持层级转授权的数字钥匙管理方法。 |
| 7. 车况联动授权 | 把钥匙权限与车辆状态联动，例如电池温度异常禁止启动，保养模式限制速度，故障码出现时仅允许维修人员启动。专利点：基于车辆运行状态的数字钥匙动态授权方法。 |
| 8. UWB精准距离授权 | UWB不仅判断是否在附近，还可结合位置角度、移动方向和接近速度。例如只有从驾驶员侧接近才允许解锁。专利点：基于UWB空间位置特征的车辆钥匙授权方法。 |
推荐专利族布局
| 核心专利 | 一种具有时空约束条件的数字车钥匙授权方法。 |
|---|---|
| 从属专利1 | 基于动态风险评分的授权方法。 |
| 从属专利2 | 基于轨迹约束的授权方法。 |
| 从属专利3 | 基于车辆状态的授权方法。 |
| 从属专利4 | 基于UWB空间定位的授权方法。 |
| 从属专利5 | 基于层级转授权的共享方法。 |
| 从属专利6 | 基于一次性密钥的授权方法。 |
| 布局价值 | 形成完整的数字钥匙权限管理平台专利组合，而不是单一功能点，更容易覆盖共享汽车、企业车队、租赁车辆和新能源车等应用场景。 |
预期成果
- 技术成果：核心算法1套、管理平台1套、APP客户端1套、云服务平台1套。
- 知识产权成果：发明专利不少于3件，软件著作权不少于1件。
- 商业场景：共享汽车、企业车队、租赁车辆和新能源汽车。
项目计划与风险分析
| 需求分析 | 第1个月：技术调研与需求梳理。 |
|---|---|
| 方案设计 | 第2个月：系统架构与技术路线设计。 |
| 核心研发 | 第3-6个月：算法开发、规则引擎和安全模块研发。 |
| 系统集成 | 第7-8个月：APP、平台、T-BOX和控制器联调测试。 |
| 验证优化 | 第9个月：家庭共享、企业车队、租赁和代驾场景验证。 |
| 专利申请 | 第10个月：专利撰写、FTO检索和知识产权布局。 |
| 主要风险 | 定位误差、网络异常、安全攻击和专利冲突；可采用UWB融合定位、本地缓存、动态密钥和提前FTO检索应对。 |
研发立项建议
建议在立项初期同步开展专利布局，围绕时空约束、轨迹约束、车辆状态、风险评分、UWB精准定位和层级转授权形成组合专利，避免只有单一专利点。
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